Cutter bearing



2 Smets-sheet 1 .3. a L 2 1 n y .,z

a M l V\ 4 2 L z Il, w Q?. n b a O 2 4l 14.2 tu 65. '/I MH z8 .d w)

. Klar? 2" al ,BJ 4

K. zwlcK GUTTER BEARING Filed Jan. 9. 1935 Dec. 17, 1935 2 sheets-sneu 2Patented Dec. 17, 1935 l I 2,024,195 CUTTER ennmc,

Kurt Zwick, Munich, Germany, assigner to Friedrich Deckel,` Munich-PrinzLudwigs-vv hohe, Germany y Application January 9, 1933, sensi No.$50,365

In Germany January 18, 1932 i'z claims. (ci ao-szi This inventionrelates to cutter bearings for showingfa double ended cylindrical cutterof relv the cutting spindles or arbors of engraving and atively largesize; f copying machines and the like. An objectr of the Fig. 6 is aview ofoa double ended cylindrical invention is -to provide such acutterbearing of cutter of smaller size together with .the collet for.

uNi'rso STATES PArENr OFFICE a generally improved and more satisfactoryconconnecting it to the spindle, and 5 struction. e Fig. 7 is a viewsomewhatf similar tok Fig. v5 Another object of the invention is theprovision showing a slightly different form-of construction-v of such acutter bearing A,so designed thaty one of The same reference numeralsthroughout the the points of support of the spindle may be closerseveral views indicate the saineV DartS- 10 to the end of the cutterl ortool than, heretofore, The present invention deals with thebearing 10thus resulting in a. construction stronger and more and BSSOQiBtCd Parts0f 'a Spindle 01 arbor for use rigid than those heretofore employed, andin in engraving or copying machines. The drawings which the proportionsofthe lever arms are more and detailed description are confined to theDarts satisfactory. inmediately concerned with the invention, since isStill another object is the provision oi a bearengravingan'd copyingmachines arel already Well 15 ing so designed that/the lubrication ofthe parts is known. One possible form of such a machineis improved, andof an improved construction of lshown. for example. in United StatesPatent'No. packing for retaining the lubricant in place.` l'lllgrantedFebruary 8, 1927, for-an'inven- A further object is the provision ora.lbearing tion of Lorenz Konrad Braren. 2o so designed that the-stresstending to bend the In such. machines, lthe spindles commonly` run 2ospindle caused-by the driving belt or oord is elimiin a` verticalposition, and are so shown in the hated or substantially reduced, Y lpresentdrawings. Referring now to Fig..1 ofthe A further object is theprovision of 9, bearing drawings, there is illustrated a tool holder orsup-k designed to provide, in construction ofA a, given porting bOdy `IWhh might', fOr example, be Dart size, a greater length of contactbetween certain 0f O attached t0 a panwgrph 'System 0f CODSl- 25sliding. parts than has heretofore -been possible. ingimd engravingmahine- 11d` a Suitable Cavity A still further object is the provisionof a conin the supporting member I -is a tubular body lorstruction'which maybe'usedwith either large 0'1- `bearing sleeve 2offreduced outside diameter. in Y i small cutting tools as desired, andpreferably one its low?! P01`ti01r and a retaining member 0r Sleevewhich is adapted toreceive either cylindrical or 3l enCilClBS thlrdlld-Iifiilioi 0f the'bearing 30 tapered cutters at will, and to receivedouble ended member 2 and tsbetween it and the member l, cutters ifdesired, e. f l all as plainly shown'in Fig'. l. A coiled spring 4' Astill further object is the provision of a cutter Presses downwfdly onthe top 0f the `1`etaining bearing of simple and sturdy constructionywhich Sleeve 3 and. upwardly 0n a'shouldel 0f the bear' may bemanufacturedeasy and at a reduced ost ing member 2, as shown in thedrawings, and thus 35 compared to similar bearings heretofore known.,tends *39. 1'1011 the hearing member? m its upper' To thesefandother'ends the invention resides most position The retaining Sleeve 3 isnormally in certain improvements and.` combinations of held againstqownwa'lfd movement by means 'of parts, all as will be hereinafter morefully deprojectiorts or pins 5 on the retauimg Sleeve which scribed, thenovel features being pointed out in engage Wlth smi-5 5 or receses 6fmthe bdy-| 40 the claims et the end or the specification. the manner. 0fa' WW1?? Joint I y In test2-tisse statten.; efrt a'ndylte; rtetr-etvSleeve i may be grasped f to im the Sleeve -3 4 i f th h t dp .b d', .ut tm' slightly to disengage the pins 5 from the bayonet 45 ng o e c amcer son e 1 us ra' g one slots 6, and when the `plnsare disengaged, the epossible enbodment of the inveption; `retaining sleeve together with theentire bearing Ffg' 2 1S' a Smmar View showmg a Second erin' member 2may be withdrawn'from the body I, bodlment of the invention; f andtheparts maybe replaced by a reverse operf Fig. 3 is a similar viewshowing'a third em- 'ation Y bodment 0f the invention; n The spindlellil is mounted for rotation ywithin FigA is a similar view illustratingstill a fourth the bearing member 2 and is supportedzfrom theembOdmentOf the inventOn; "bearing member -by suitable bearingsfsuch asan Fig. 5v is a diagrammatic vertical section upper ball bearing 8 and alower ball bearing ,9. through the lowerend of the time? bearing partdelow the lower'lbearing 9 the spindleis provided 55- 'Ihe lower lend ofthespindle has ambore, preferably conical, for receiving the cuttingtool I6 having a shank which ,may be of correspondingly coni'al form atits upper end, as is wellknown in the engraving machine art'. The cutterI6 may be held in placeby a cap nut I1 seated on screw threads Il formedexteriorly on the lower end of the spindle I0.

As one Aof .the important features of the present invention, the.enlargement Il'on the lower end of the spindle is shaped to provide anupstanding annular flange or rim I9 of larger diameterthan the lowerspindle bearing 9, so thatit may extend upwardly to or beyond theplane'ofthe bearing 9 around the outside of the bearing withoutinterfering'with the bearing. Thus there is provided within the flangeI9 a space or chamber which may be filled -or partlyrlled with oil orother suitable lubricant for the lower bearing 9. Also, they exteriorsurface of the flange I9 may be advantageously employed for packing'thebearing tofretain the `-lubricant therein'. To this end, a flange may belsecured to and `depend from the lower end of the bearing body 2,outside of the flange Ilon the enlargement II, and vmay be provided withpacking rings,2I of felt'or'other suitable packing material, contactingwith the exterior surface of the i'iangeIQ.

rtfwiu be seen that by the' useof packing surfaces of larger diameterthanthe diameter of the lower'bearing 8, the bearingrnay be, droppeddownwardly `to a' point substantially in the plane of the' packingsurfaces and thus may be brought closer to the end of the Vtool I6 thanin prior bearings of somewhat similar construction, in which the lowerspindlel bearing was above the packing v andconsequently fartherawayfrom the cutting tool. Furthermore, th'erplacing of the packingsubstantiallyat or above the planerof 'the bearing makes the packingmoreeffective in retaining 'the lubricant than when itis materially belowthe bearing. And inthe present embodiment, the rim I! overlappingtheflange 2li and the lower end of the member 2, forms4 what might betermed a labyrinth construction making es- I cape of lubricant stillmore dimcult.

The distance ofthe bearing from the end of the-cutting tool(represented, by the` line an is ofconsiderable importance in. machinesV,of this kind, as is theratio of this distanceto the dis- 'tancebetween the upper and loyer spindle bearings (represented bythe linebrin the drawings). The cutting tool,` in an' engravingy orl copyingmachine, is frequently subjectedto severe .side strains, and itisobvious that the closer the bear- VVingis toathefcuttingend'of thetool,vthe less will be the tendency to bend or ,distort thespindieorgthe tool. we in; the ratio of the lever arm a1 to the lever arm b1',.the less` stressthere will be on the upper nearing and the more nrmlyand accurately the-parts will be held.

It is'interesting to note that in a certain bearing constructionheretofore commonly used and quite similar in some respects to thebearing illus- 'trated in'Fig. '1, but not having the improvements bofthe vpresent invention, lthe lever. arm a isl 53.3 vmillimeters inlength,` while the leverarm bis 83,5 millimeters in length, the ratioa/b thus beine in the proportion 84/100. In the improved bearing of thepresent invention shown in Fig. 1, however, with exactly the same overall dimensions as in the prior bearing construction above mentioned, thelever arm a1 has been reduced to I 46.8 millimeters', while the leverarm U1 has been increased to '70millimeters, making a ratio for thesearms :of 67/100, materially superior to the prior ratio of 84/100.

` It is also to be noted that'the length of the l0 contact or bearingsurface of the parts 2 and l against the part I (represented by the lineLi in Fig.-1) is also increased over the correspondringlength in priorbearings. This results from the fact that it is possible to drop thelower bear- 1l ing 9 down closer to the lower end of the spindle,

which in turn permits the lower end of the reti|.in,,/l

ing sleeve to be brought down farther, so that the tool holding body Ican be extended farther .down than hasheretofore been consideredpossible. 20 The length of this contacting surfacey is importantbecause, as understood by those skilled in the art, yitV is frequentlydesired in use to move thel vspindle Iii 'and member 2 bodily upwardlyor downwardly with relation to the holder I, such movement beingaccomplished by known mechanism controlled bythe lever l5;l During suchmovements, the member '2 slides along the intev rior surfaces of-themembers I and l, and'the longer the'contacting surfaces canbe made, the30 greater the accuracy withA which the parts are guided. f Y

Another feature of importance in cutter bearings of this kind'is thedistance of the driving pulley from the spindle bearing. Heretofore, ithas usually been necessary to place the driving pulley some distanceaway from the spindle bearing, with' the result that'the traction ofthebelt or cord has tended to cause deflectionin the spindle. In theimproved construction shown in 40 Fig. l, however, itis seen that thebelt or cord groove in the pulley II is extremely close to the plane ofthe spindle bearing 9, so that the traction of the'belt produces littleor no tendency to distort the spindle.

A belt guiding;r attachment of known construction, yindicateddiagrammaticallyat I5, can be attached td and supported by the packingflange 20, thus bringing the attachment .relatively close to the planeo'f thefdriving pulley II. 50

In Fig.'2 there is illustrated still another possible embodiment of theinvention having certain advantages over that shown in Fig. l.A In Fig.2, the tool holder I, bearing body 2, and spring v4 may be of aconstruction similar to that described 55 in connection with Fig. 1.Because` of the improvements illustratedv in Fig. 2, however, the lowerbearing S can be dropped down still farther than the bearing inFlg. 1,and consequentlythe bearing member 2 can be made longer than the 60'bearing member in Fig. l, so that thebottom edge of the holder body Ican alsov be 'extended downwardly, resultingin alonger length La ofengagement of the movable parts with the: tool holder..

lAccording to this embodiment ofthe invcn- 05' I ly above the plane ofthe lower bearing 9. Y Hence CJD ing, so that not any lubricant tendingto escape from the bearing would have to pass upwardly through thepackonly the packing material itself but also the force of gravity wouldtend toA retain the lubricant in place.

The enlargement 22 is preferably shaped to provide also a chamber orcavity 24 forming a lubricant reservoir. If fluid oil is used for thelower bearing, the oil level preferably is not above the middle of thelower bearing 9, :and above this lower bearing the space around thespindle 26 is usuallypacked with grease. The constructions illustratedin the other figures of the drawings are preferably lubricated in thesame way.

The outer surface of the enlargement 22 may be formed wtih av groove '28for the driving belt or cord, so that the enlargement 22, as before,constitutes the driving pulley as well as being used to provide one ofthe two cooperating packing surfaces 'for the bearing. By thisconstruction, the further advantage is produced that the belt groove maybe placed in the plane of the lower bearing 9, asy clearly illustratedin Fig. 2, so that the belt traction has no tendency whatever to distortthe spindle.

This improved construction allows the lower bearing 9 to be dropped downstill farther than shown in Fig. l, with a consequent lessening of thelever arm az and an .increase of the lever arm b2. For example, anembodiment constructed as in Fig. 2 may be made with a lever arm a: of38.2 millimeters, while b2 is 78 millimeters, resulting in a ratioequivalent to 49/ 100. This is a very material and advantageousreduction of the ratio 84/ 100 previously mentioned as being the ratioof a comparable prior art bearing, and is somewhat better Vthan rthe-ratio ofy 6'1/ 100 obtained in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. l.

Furthermore, the lower bearing 9 in Fig. 2 is dropped so far down thatcutters of extremely large size may be employed without making the lowerlever arm disadvantageously long. For example, if in place ofthe'regular cutter IB there be used an extra long cutter 25, asillustrated in dotted lines, then the corresponding cutter arm aa isstill only 47.5 millimeters, resulting in a ratio between the lever armsof 61/ 100, still much better than the prior art construction and evenbetter than the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.

Another of the advantageous features of this construction is that thelower end ofthe spindle, below the bearing 9, is made of enlargeddiameter in comparison to the diameter previously emf ployed at thispoint, and preferably is of a larger diameter than that of the bearing9', as shown in the drawings. This increase in diameter enables thelower end of the-spindle to be provided with a female or internal threadwhich may gaged by a male nut 21v for holding the cutter in place. Thusthe collar or shoulder on the cut-l ter, as plainly shown in thedrawings, may be brought to a' point actually within the end of thespindle as illustrated,.instead of being outside of the end of thespindle as it is ln Fig. 1 and in the prior art constructions. Thisresults in a stronger and more rigid construction.

The retaining sleeve 29 in the present embodiment, corresponding to theretaining sleeve 3 of the embodiment shown in Fig. l, may be providedwith pins 30 engaging bayonet slots 3l in the body I, and may have a riserving not only to grasp the retaining sleeve for insertion andwithrawal, but also as a support for the belt guiding attachment 32.

shown, and. provided with female be en" The constructionw shown in Fig.3 Vof the drawings is similar in many respects to that illustrated inFig. 2, but has some important differences. InFig. 3, the body of thetool holder or support is indicated at 40, the removable'bearing-memberis shown at 4I, and the spindle 42 is supported from the bearing memberby an upper bearing 43 lower bearing 44 is dropped downwardly quiteclose to the end of the spindle, to a point within the enlargement45,which enlargement is pro.- vided with atool or cord groove 46 preferablyin the plane of the bearing 44, and with a lubricate cavity or recess41, all as in the case of the con struction illustrated in Fig. 2. Thepacking, like that of Fig. 2, may be provided by packing rings 48 offelt or other suitable `material kon the .-en' largement encircling andengaging` the outside surface of the bearing member 4| in a plane at orabove the lower bearingl 44.

The lower endcf the spindle42, like that of the spindle 2G in Fig. 2,'is preferably enlarged as threads for engaging a male retaining nut`49for holding the cutter 50 in place.

The important V,difference between this construction and that shown inFig. 2. is that the retaining sleeve 5| in the present instance isplaced inside the bearing member 4| instead of and a lower 'bearing 44.This" outside. y A coiled spring52presses downwardly 30 on the retainingsleeve' 5l and upwardly on a shoulder formed on the inside of thebearing member 4i. Pins 53 mounted on the retaining sleeve 5| extendoutwardly through slots 54 form-ed in the bearing member 4i -and engagein bayonet slots 55 in the body 49.

Aroundthe lower end of the bearing member 4l is a knurled ring 5t whichmaybe conveniently grasped for inserting or removingthe bearing in thetool holder 40, At thetop of thetool holder is the usual pressure plateAor limiting device increated diagrammaneauy at 51. for limiting theextent to which the bearing member 4l can move upwardly, and the usualadjusting device. of known construction operated bythe lever 58, formoving the bearing member downwardly when desired..- ,p y

When the bearing is removed from the holder, the spring 52 keeps theretainingsleeve 5l lpressed downwardly so thatthe pins 53 are engagedwith the. bottom ends of the, slots v54. To insertV the bearing in thetool holder, itisy grasped by the ring 56 and inserted lupwardly intothe cavity in the helder 40 vto a position slightly higher than normal,the pins 53 meanwhile entering the vertical parts of the bayonetslots55, and then the device is given a slight rotation to move the pinslaterally into the horizontal parts of the bayonet slots. The bearingbody 4I is then moved slightly downwardly to its normal position andheld in this position by suitable abjustment of the pressure platei'f,which movement has the .effect of shifting??l the bottom ends of theslots 54 away from the pins 53 and causing these pins to rest firmly' inand be supported by Vthe bayonet slots' 55.

This construction, in which the retaining sleeve is placed inside of theAbearing membery instead fof in the previous conventional outsideposition, is of considerable importance. In the first place, theretaining sleeve in this new construction acts only as a retainingsleeve and does not in any way guide or support the bearing member 4|duringany yupward and downward sliding move' ments which may take placein use. Consequently, the retaining sleeve may Vbe'made of less highgrade material, *andlessaccurately machined, than when it acts also tosupport the bearing member..r Furthermore, in this new construction, theoutside surface of the bearingvmember 4|, or at least that portion ofthe surface which makes sliding contact with the holder 40 duringoperation,.is,all of a'single uniformV diameter so that it mayfbemachinedand iinished readily in a single operation, thus reducing theexpense. In comparison to this, in the previous constructioninwhich theretaining sleeve was outside of the bearing member, as shown for examplein Fig. 2, a part of the outside surface of the bearing member was ofone diameter, sliding directly n the holder, and another part ofthevsurface was of a smaller diameter, sliding on and laterallysupported by the retaining sleeve. Thus, in the prior construction,additional operations were necessary in'machini'ng' the bearing member,since both the surfaces of different'diameter had to be accuratelymachined and finished.

Another advantage of the improved construction illustratedin Fig. 3 isthat the retaining sleeve may be usedas a lubricant pump. It will bereadily understood by those skilled in the art that the interior of thebearing is usually filled with lubricant, which may be introduced, forexample, through the opening 60. A quantity of oil` usually is providedfor the lower bearing 44, and the rest of the interior space is lled orpartially filled with'gre'ase or the like. According to the presentinvention, the retaining sleeve now placed on the interior of thebearing member 4|, is made relatively thick at least in its upper partso that it' has a considerable displacement. Hence, whenever rthe sleeve5|v and member move longitudinally relatively to each other, the sleeveacts as a pump in the space between the member 4| and the spindle 42,stirs up the lubricant, and feeds suicient lubricant to the upperbearing 43.

Fig. 4 shows a construction similar to that of Fig. 3 except that itillustrates al larger and stronger cutter 65 in place of the cutter 50shown in Fig. 3. Because oi the improved construction shown in thesefigures, it is possible without detrimental effect to make thefbore forreceiving the cutter of sufficient size so that large cutters like thecutter65 may be used, and also of suincient length so that double endedcutters may be employed as shown in Fig. 4. This cutter 65 is of thedouble ended conicaly variety, as will be plainly yapparent from thedrawings to those skilled in the art. 'I'he bore in the spindle 42 isslightly conical or tapered to correspond to the taper-of both ends ofthe cutter 65.

It is noted that the large cutter 654 is substantially longer than thesmaller cutter 50 shown in Fig. 3. In the prior constructions, such anextra large cutter frequently could not'be inserted at all in thespindle, and if it could be inserted, would frequently be unsatisfactorybecause there would be such a long lever arm between the end of thecutter and the lower bearing. In the present construction, however, thelower bearing 44 has been dropped down so close .to the end of thespindle that even with the use of any extra large cutter, the lever armfrom vthe end of the cutter to the plane of lthe bearingv is4 still notexcessive, and satisfactory results may be obtained.

In Fig. 5 there is illustrated a powerful cylindrical cutter 66 of thedouble ended type, having cutting edges at both ends; According to thepresent invention, the lower end of the spindle 42 may have a bore ofconical or tapered shape at least through part of its length as shown. Acollet 61, alternately slit from both ends to allow it to be compressedthroughout' its entire 5 length, may be employed for holding thecylindrical cutter in the bore, the interior surface of the collet beingcylindrical and of theproper size to iit the cutter 66, and the exteriorsur-v face of thecollet being tapered to it the bore in the spindle. Thecollet may be held in place by a cap nut 68 threaded on the lower end ofthe spindle and when this nut is tightened, the entire collet iscompressed due to its slit construction, tightly clamping the cutter inplace.

This construction is advantageous since different sizes of cutters maybe applied to the same spindle by the use of different sizes or kinds ofcollets. For instance, in some work', extremely thin cutters aredesirable, and such a cutter is in- 2o dicated at 10 in Fig. 6 of thedrawings.v It may be used with a collet 1| similar to the collet 61 inFig. 5, and having thev same outside diameter as the collet 61 so thatit will t into the same tapered bore of the spindle, but having'aninterior 25 opening of a smaller diameter so as to t the smaller cutter10.

Obviously the interior surface of the collet may be made of any desiredshape or form to t the shank of any cutter. Thus a tapered cutter may beused in the same spindle which is adapted to receive the cylindricalcutter, either by making the shank of the tapered cutter of the propersize and shape to iit directly into the tapered spindle, or by using acollet having a tapered interior surface to correspond to the taper ofthe cutter shank if this taper is `different from the taper of the borein the spindle.

Fig. 7 illustrates the bore in the spindle 42 of a different shape tofit a different form of collet 12 which is usualin the trade. Here,instead of having the bore tapered through the entire portion whichengages the collet, the bore is tapered through only a short distance atthe lower end, and above this it has a cylindrical portion, so that itmay fit the usual collets which are partly tapered and partlycylindrical as plainly shown in the drawings.

From the foregoing description taken in connection withthe accompanyingdrawings, it will be seen that various improvements and advantages areprovided by the present invention. It must be realizedthat engravingmachines, in order to be satisfactory, must be of sturdy and rigidconstruction since any lateral play or deflection ofthe spindles orcuttersy would cause unsatisfactory work especially when being used inen'- graving very fine lines. According to the present invention, thelowerfspindle bearing has been placed relatively close to the cutter andthe proportions of the lever arms have been greatly improved withoutincreasing the overall size or dimensions of the construction.r Alsobetter and longer bearing surfaces are provided between the removablebearing assembly and the holder, so that better lateral support isprovided for the spindle.

At the same time, it has been shown that according to the presentinvention the cutters themselves are heldin an improved and more rigidmanner, and that great ilexibility of operation results from the factthat cutters of a number of different styles and sizes may be used onthe same spindle. Those skilled in the art will understand, of course,that the arrangements ill'us- 75 trated in Figs. 5, 6, and '7 can beapplied to any of the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, it is tobe understood that the inventive idea may be carried out in a number ofways. This application is, therefore not to be limitedr to the precisedetails described, but is intended to cover all variations andmodifications thereof falling within the spirit of the invention or thescope of the appended claims.

1. An engraving -or copying machine of the type including a support anda spindle rotatable Within said support about a substantially verticalaxis, characterized by a bearing between the spindle and the support forsupporting the spindle, an oil chamber immediately below said bearing,and substantially oil-tight packing means including means forming asurface of larger diameter than said bearing associated with saidsupport and means forming a contacting surface associated with saidspindle and rotatable therewith, for preventing escape of oil from suchchamber. v

2. An engraving or copying machine of the type including a support and aspindle rotatable within said support about a substantially verticalaxis, characterized by a bearing adjacent the lower end of said spindlefor supporting the spindle from the support, an enlargement onsaidspindle below said bearing, said enlargement having a portion spacedfrom said spindle and extending upwardly to form a lubricant member, andmeans associated with said support engaging said portion of saidenlargement to form substantially oiltight packing between said spindleand said support.

3. An engraving or copying machine of the type including a support and aspindle rotatable within said support -about a substantially verticalaxis, characterized by an upper bearing and a lower bearing interposedbetween said spindle and said support, a lubricant chamber adjacent saidlower bearing lfor holding lubricant in effective position with relationto said lower bearing.'

and substantially oil-tight packing means between said spindle and saidsupport at a point above the bottom of said lower bearing for retaininglubricant in said chamber.'

4. An engraving or copying machine of the type including a support and aspindle rotatable within said support about a substantially verticalaxis, characterized by an upper bearing and a lower bearing interposedbetween said spindle and said support, a lubricant chamber adjacent saidlower bearing for holding lubricant in effective position with relationto said lower bearing, and substantially cil-tight packing means oflarger diameter than said lower bearing and located at a point abovethe'bottom of said lowerl bearing for retaining lubricant in saidchamber.

5. An engraving or copying machineof the type including a support and aspindle rotatable within said support about a substantially verticalaxis, characterized by a bearing interposed between said spindle andsaid support, a driving pulley mounted on said spindle below saidbearing, said pulley being shaped to provide a lubricant chamberadjacent said bearing, and packing means including a surface on saidpulley of larger diameter than said bearing surface associated with saidsupport for retaining lubricant in said chamber.

6. An engraving or copying machines of the ing body, characterized and acooperating' type including a support and a spindle rotatable withinsaid support about a substantially vertical axis, characterized by abearing interposed between said spindle and said support, a drivingpulley mounted on bearing, said pulley being shaped to provide alubricant chamber adjacent said bearing,` and packing means including asurface associated with said support anda cooperating surface on saidpulley surrounding said first named surface and contacting therewith toform a substantially oil-tight joint.

7. An engraving or copying machine of the type including a support and aspindle rotatable within said support about a substantially verticalaxis, characterized by a bearing interposed between said spindle andsaid support, a driving pulley mounted on said spindle adjacent saidbearing, said pulley being shaped to provide a lubricant chamberadjacent said bearing, and packing means including a rim on said pulleyspaced from said spindle and having a surface, and a cooperating surfaceassociated with said support and contacting with said surface on saidrim. 25

8. An engraving or copying machine of the type including a supportingbody and a bearing member removably mounted within said supportby aretaining sleeve/ slidable within said bearing member for retaining saidbearing member within said supporting body, and a spindle rotatablewithin said sleeve and supported from said bearing member.

9. A cutter bearing for engraving and copying machines and the likecomprising a supporting body, a bearing member within said body. aretaining sleeve within said bearing member, means for securing saidsleeve to said body so that said bearing member may slide between saidsleeve and said body while said sleeve remains 4o in fixed positionrelative to said body, and a cutter spindle rotatable within said sleeveand supported from'said bearing member.

10. A cutter bearing for engraving and copying machines and the likecomprising a supporting body, a bearing member within said body, aretaining sleeve within said bearing member, means for securing saidsleeve to said body so that said bearing member may slide between saidsleeve and said body while said sleeveremains in fixed position relativeto said body, and a cutter spindle rotatable within said sleeve andsupported from said bearing member, said sleeve having a comparativelylarge volume of displacement relative to the volume between said bearingmember and said spindle, so that said sleeve may act as a lubricant pumpwhen said bearing member slides relatively to said sleeve.

11. An engraving or copying machine comprising a support, a spindlerotatable within said support and projecting from one end thereof, abearing adjacent said end of said support for supporting said spindlefrom said support, the end of said spindle projecting beyond saidbearinghaving a relatively large outside diameter, a female screw in saidrelatively large end, and screw thread means engaging said female screwto secure a cutting member to said spindle.

12. An engraving or copying machine comprising a support, a spindlerotatable within said support and projecting from one end thereof, abearing adjacent said end of said support for supporting said spindlefrom said support, the end of said spindle projecting beyond saidbearing having a bore which is conical at least in said spindle adjacentsaid 5 part, a cutting member having a shank within said bore of smallerdiameter than said bore, and a collet having an interior surface shapedto i'lt said shank and an exterior surface shaped to t said bore, forholding said cutting member in proper position within said bore.

13. An `engraving or copying machine comprising a support, a spindlerotatable within said support and projecting from one end thereof, abearing adjacent said end of said support for supporting said spindlefrom said support, the end of said spindle projecting beyond saidbearing having a relatively large outside diameter, said projectingportion of large diameter having a relatively long bore extendinglongitudinally in said spindle from said end to a point inwardly of saidbearing and of sufficient size to receive a double ended cutting member,and means for retaining said doubleended cutting member in said bore.

14. An engraving or copying machine of' the type including a support, aspindle rotatable within said support about a substantially verticalaxis, an upper `bearing and a lower bearing spaced from each otherbetween said spindle and -said support, characterized by an enlargementon said spindle below said lower bearing, said enlargement forming abottom of a lubricant chamber adjacent said lower bearing, andsubstantially oil-tight packing means above said bottom of said chamberfor retaining oil in said chamber.

15. An engraving o1 copying machine of the 5' type including a support,a spindle rotatable within said support about a substantially vertivalaxis, an upper bearing and a vlower bearing spaced from each otherbetween said spindle and said support, characterized by an enlargementon said spindle below seid lower bearing, said enlargement having aportion extending outwardly and upwardly to an ele ation at least ashigh as said lower bearing and extending around said lower bearing toform a bottom and sides of a lubricant chamber adjacent said lowerbearing, and packing moans associated with said upwardly extendingportion of said enlargement to prevent escape of lubricant from ,saidchamber.

16. Apparatus according to claim lfl, in which said enlargement formspart of a driving pulley for driving said spindle.

17. Apparatus according to claim 14, in which said enlargement formspart of a driving pulley having a belt groove substantially in the planeof said lower bearing.

KURT ZWICK.

